Archaeologic Dynastic Periods
Palaeolithic Period:
500,000- 17,000BC
Neanderthal man hunted around Azraq as well as in the south of modern Jordan.
Epipalaeolithic Period:
17,000 -8,000 BC
Evidence exists that settlements developed around Tabaga South Jordan, as well as in the Easter desert region, in the Jordan valley, and at Pella.
Neolithic Period :
8,000-4,500 BC
Agriculture began to develop .Settlements at Beidha, near Petra, and at Jericho, point to the advance nature of the Society .The Ain Ghazal settlement, north of Amman Witnesses what is thought to have been man's first attempt to make statues.
Chalcolithic Period:
4500-3000BC
Copper was smelted for the first time, the village of Tuleitat Ghassul, unearthed in the Jordan Valley, dates to this period, walls in the stone and mud-built houses are known to have Had decorative frescoes. Substantial finds of potery and tools Have been unearthed from this era.
Early Bronze Age :
3000-2100 BC
Settlements expanded in their size, diversity and cultural Output. These developments were perhaps due to the influence of the Canaanites who planned towns. Developed architected Methods and tools .Invasions may be the reason why this Thriving civilization was brought to an end.
Middle Bronze Age :
2100-1500BC
Resurgence in the development of civilization and trading Took place, making the era one of ancient Jordan's most Prosperous. Excavations show an enormous wealth of artistic Know how. People moved from one land to another and some Are believed to have gone from Jordan to Egypt. Abraham is thought to have arrived the Land of Canaan in about 1900 BC.
Late Bronze Age :
1500-1200 BC
Two great dynasties- those of the Egyptians & the Hitties of Anatolia – dominated the late Bronze Age. Jordan & Palestine fell to the Egyptians. Trading between all parts of the Middle East & beyond seems to have been well developed.
Iron Age:
1200-330 BC
The old Testament took place during this, several kingdoms As the Ammonites, the Adomites & Moabites emerged in Jordan, dividing the land & developed Agriculture is known To have existed atTawilan near Ain Mousa in southern Jordan several Iron Age settlements were known as in Kerak, Mount Nebo, Madaba & Amman.
Hellenistic Period :
332 - 63 BC
Alexander the Great's conquest brought the Hellenistic Culture to the Arabs as known "Thu al-Qarnain". Much of the Middle East was influenced by the Greek culture & Language. Alexander's death split the empire into Ptolemy And Seleucus.
Nabatean Period :
400 BC –AD 160
The Nabatean's magnificent civilization with its capital Petra Developed through trading .Settlements were annexed by the Romans Emperor, Pompey in Ad 106.
Roman Period:
63BC
A wealth cities constructed around what is Jordan today, Many of the Federation of the Ten cities known as Decapolis Lie within Jordan as Philadelphia (AMMAN) Gerasa (Jerash) Gedara (Umm Qais) Pella & Dion (Irbid).
Byzantine Period :
AD 324-AD 632
Trading routes were extended into Far East after he conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine to Christianity. The Era Marked by dozens of Churches.
Arab Period:
AD 634 - AD 1099
By Ad 635 all Middle East fallen to Arab control in Jordan and Islam swept all Arab countries. By 636 Byzantine Period ended by the Yarmouk Legendary battle.
Crusader Period :
AD 1099 – AD 1268
Crusader invasion established stronghold of Christianity in The Middle East Fortresses, asKerak, Shobak, Aqaba, Helped defeat the forces of Islam, till Salah el-Din defeated Crusaders and occupied Jerusalem in AD 1187.
Mamluk Period :
AD 1263- AD 1516.
Originated from Egypt, they replaced Ayyubids controll Jordan, the Mogul invasion of Tamurlane. The Empire Weekend giving the to Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman Period :
AD 1516-AD1918
Turkish Supremacy lasted over 400 years till the Arab revolt Jordan importance was largely due to its position in route for Pilgrimage for Mecca & Medina .This Empire ended during The 1St World war by Jordan Independence
Modern Jordan
1919- 1946 A British Mandate over Palestine & Jordan was enforced, called Emirate of Transjordan.
1921- 1946 Amir Abdullah.
1946 - Jordan Independence.
1946 - 1951 King Abdullah Ben Alhussein.
1951 King Talal Bin Abdullah.
1951 - 1999 King Hussein I.
1999 - King Abdullah II